UtpA and UtpB chaperone nascent pre-ribosomal RNA and U3 snoRNA to initiate eukaryotic ribosome assembly

Early eukaryotic ribosome biogenesis involves large multi-protein complexes, which co-transcriptionally associate with pre-ribosomal RNA to form the small subunit processome. The precise mechanisms by which two of the largest multi-protein complexes—UtpA and UtpB—interact with nascent pre-ribosomal RNA are poorly understood. Here, we combined biochemical and structural biology approaches with ensembles of RNA–protein cross-linking data to elucidate the essential functions of both complexes. We show that UtpA contains a large composite RNA-binding site and captures the 5′ end of pre-ribosomal RNA. UtpB forms an extended structure that binds early pre-ribosomal intermediates in close proximity to architectural sites such as an RNA duplex formed by the 5′ ETS and U3 snoRNA as well as the 3′ boundary of the 18S rRNA. Both complexes therefore act as vital RNA chaperones to initiate eukaryotic ribosome assembly

Endovascular coils as lung tumour markers in real-time tumour tracking stereotactic radiotherapy: preliminary results

To evaluate the use of endovascular coils as markers for respiratory motion correction during high-dose stereotactic radiotherapy with the CyberKnife, an image-guided linear accelerator mounted on a robotic arm. Endovascular platinum embolisation coils were used to mark intrapulmonary lesions. The coils were placed in subsegmental pulmonary artery branches in close proximity to the target tumour. This procedure was attempted in 25 patients who were considered unsuitable candidates for standard transthoracic percutaneous insertion. Vascular coils (n = 87) were succesfully inserted in 23 of 25 patients. Only minor complications were observed: haemoptysis during the procedure (one patient), development of pleural pain and fever on the day of procedure (one patient), and development of small infiltrative changes distal to the vascular coil (five patients). Fifty-seven coils (66% of total inserted number) could be used as tumour markers for delivery of biologically highly effective radiation doses with automated tracking during CyberKnife radiotherapy. Endovascular markers are safe and allow high-dose radiotherapy of lung tumours with CyberKnife, also in patients who are unsuitable candidates for standard transthoracic percutaneous marker insertion

Malunion after midshaft clavicle fractures in adults: The current view on clavicular malunion in the literature

This is an overview of the current literature on malunion after midshaft clavicle fracture. Anatomy, trauma mechanism, classification, incidence, symptoms, prevention, and treatment options are all discussed. The conclusion is that clavicle malunion is a distinct clinical entity that can be treated successfully

Tromboseprofylaxe in de orthopedische chirurgie: de klinische praktijk in Nederland anno 2002

OBJECTIVE: Establish the use of thromboprophylaxis in orthopaedic surgery both during and after the hospital admission. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. METHOD: In April 2002, a letter was sent to all orthopaedic surgeons in the Netherlands announcing that at every hospital with a Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, an orthopaedic surgeon would be approached for a telephone survey. They were phoned in the months April-June 2002. This study included hospitals where major orthopaedic surgery (e.g. the insertion of hip or knee prostheses and hip fracture surgery) took place (n = 124) as well as clinics that only performed day treatments (n = 5). RESULTS: For major orthopaedic operations, 91% of the hospitals used low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) during the admission period: 36% as monotherapy and 55% in combination with coumarin derivates. In 85% of cases the use of LMWH was started preoperatively. Coumarin derivates were used as a monotherapy in 9% of the hospitals. In 37% of the hospitals the use of NSAIDs was continued, particularly in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. In 94% of the hospitals, the use of acetylsalicylic acid was always stopped. In 97% of the hospitals prophylaxis was given after discharge in the form of LMWH (37% of the cases) or coumarin derivates (63% of the cases). The use of thromboprophylaxis with respect to arthroscopies and plaster immobilisation was variable